Answer:-
The diagram illustrates "transformation," a process of genetic recombination where a bacterium takes up free DNA from its environment. This DNA often comes from dead bacteria that have lysed, releasing their genetic material. The bacterium incorporates this new DNA into its own genome, potentially acquiring new traits such as antibiotic resistance. This method is distinct from other recombination processes like conjugation, which involves direct cell-to-cell contact, or transduction, which involves a virus transferring DNA between bacteria. Transformation plays a crucial role in genetic diversity and the adaptation of bacterial populations.
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