Answer:-
The theory of plate tectonics explains how Earth's outer shell, the lithosphere, is divided into large, moving plates. These plates float on the semi-fluid mantle and constantly shift due to convection currents. Their movement causes earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of mountains and ocean trenches. The theory, developed in the 20th century, builds on continental drift and seafloor spreading concepts. Plate interactions include divergence (moving apart), convergence (colliding), and transform motion (sliding past each other). Plate tectonics is crucial for understanding Earth's geological history, shaping landscapes, and predicting natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis.
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