Answer:-
Internal validity in psychology refers to how well a study establishes a cause-and-effect relationship between variables. It ensures that changes in the dependent variable are genuinely due to the independent variable, not external factors. High internal validity means a study effectively controls confounding variables, eliminating biases and alternative explanations. Researchers achieve this by using controlled environments, randomization, and proper experimental design. However, high internal validity can sometimes reduce external validity, meaning the findings may not apply to real-world settings. In short, internal validity ensures a study's results are reliable and accurately reflect the relationship being tested.
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