Answer:-
The advent of the Realist movement in literature during the mid-19th century marked a significant departure from the dominant Romantic literary tradition. Realist writers emerged as a reaction to the Romantic ideals, rejecting the romanticized portrayal of reality and emphasizing a more objective representation of society and its complexities. Realists disapproved of several aspects of Romantic writing, including its idealistic tendencies, the inclination towards escapism, and the portrayal of exaggerated emotions. This essay explores the key criticisms of Realist writers towards Romanticism and highlights the contrasting literary approaches adopted by the two movements.
Realist writers rejected the idealism inherent in Romantic writing. Romanticism, characterized by its celebration of imagination, individualism, and the sublime, often presented an idealized version of reality. Realists, in contrast, aimed to depict the world as it truly was, devoid of exaggerated sentimentality and lofty ideals. They focused on the mundane aspects of everyday life, highlighting social issues, class struggles, and the harsh realities of the human condition. By eschewing the Romantic tendency to idealize and beautify reality, Realists sought to offer a more accurate and honest portrayal of society.
Realists criticized Romantic writers for their tendency towards escapism. Romantics often created fantastical worlds or idealized settings, transporting readers to realms detached from the harshness of reality. While this escapism provided an appealing refuge, Realists argued that it hindered an authentic understanding of the world. Realist literature, on the other hand, confronted readers with the harsh truths of life, reflecting the struggles, inequalities, and complexities of society. By refusing to indulge in escapism, Realist writers aimed to provoke critical thought and foster social awareness.
Romantic writing was characterized by its intense and often exaggerated emotional portrayal. Romantic poets, for instance, emphasized passionate love, intense longing, and heightened emotions as central themes. Realist writers, however, viewed this emphasis on emotional excess as unrealistic and melodramatic. They sought to portray emotions in a more subdued and authentic manner, exploring the complexities and contradictions of human experiences. By emphasizing the ordinary and the everyday, Realists aimed to capture the nuances of emotions within the context of societal realities.
Realists valued objective representation and sought to present a faithful reflection of reality. Romantic writing often prioritized subjective experiences, relying heavily on the writer's personal emotions and imaginative interpretations. In contrast, Realists aimed to depict society objectively, employing meticulous observation, detailed descriptions, and precise language. Their works often incorporated extensive research and firsthand experiences, contributing to a sense of authenticity and credibility.
Conclusion:
Realist writers disapproved of various aspects of Romantic writing, including its idealistic tendencies, the inclination towards escapism, and the portrayal of exaggerated emotions. Realism emerged as a reaction to the Romantic movement, seeking to provide a more accurate and objective portrayal of society. By focusing on the realities of everyday life and eschewing idealized depictions, Realists aimed to foster critical engagement, social awareness, and a deeper understanding of the human condition. The contrasting approaches of the Realist and Romantic movements highlight the dynamic evolution of literature and its continual response to the changing social and cultural landscapes.
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