Answer:-
From 1450 to 1750, sea-based empires like the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, British, and French expanded rapidly through maritime exploration. The Portuguese and Spanish led early with control over trade routes and colonies in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. The Dutch focused on commercial dominance, especially in the East Indies. Britain and France later built vast colonial empires, emphasizing trade, settlement, and naval strength. These empires relied on powerful navies, overseas colonies, and global trade networks. While they differed in methods and regions of control, all reshaped global economics, politics, and cultures through their sea-based expansion during this era.
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