Answer:-
In biology, geographic isolation occurs when a population of organisms is physically separated from others of its species due to natural barriers like mountains, rivers, or oceans. This isolation prevents gene flow between groups, leading to independent evolution over time. It is a key factor in speciation, as the separated populations may develop unique adaptations to their environments, eventually becoming distinct species. For example, Darwin’s finches in the Galápagos Islands evolved differently on each island due to geographic isolation. This process plays a crucial role in biodiversity and the development of new species through natural selection.
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